ISO 27001

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Last updated Dec 18, 2025

Author: Stuart Barker | ISO 27001 Lead Auditor

ISO/IEC 27001 is an international standard that helps organisations establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve an Information Security Management System (ISMS). This framework provides a structured approach to identify, assess, and manage information security risks, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data

What is ISO/IEC 27001?

ISO/IEC 27001 is the globally recognized standard for Information Security Management Systems (ISMS). It outlines the specific requirements that an ISMS must fulfill.

Applicable to organizations of all sizes and across various industries, ISO/IEC 27001 provides a framework for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually enhancing an effective ISMS.

Compliance with ISO/IEC 27001 signifies that an organisation has implemented a robust system to manage data security risks. This system ensures adherence to industry best practices and the fundamental principles outlined within the International Standard.

It’s formal title is: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Information security management systems — Requirements

Why is ISO/IEC 27001 Important?

In today’s rapidly evolving threat landscape, managing cyber-risks can feel overwhelming. ISO/IEC 27001 empowers organisations to become proactive in identifying and mitigating these risks.

By adopting a holistic approach that encompasses people, processes, and technology, ISO/IEC 27001 provides a robust framework for information security management.

An ISMS implemented according to this standard serves as a cornerstone for effective risk management, enhancing cyber-resilience, and driving operational excellence.

Understanding ISO/IEC 27001:2022

ISO/IEC 27001 is a cornerstone for enhancing Information Security Management Systems (ISMS). It provides a structured framework that guides organisations in safeguarding their sensitive data. By integrating comprehensive risk assessments and leveraging the controls outlined in Annex A, organisations can develop a robust security strategy. This framework empowers them to effectively identify, analyse, and address vulnerabilities, significantly strengthening their overall security posture.

Key Components of ISO/IEC 27001:2022

ISMS Framework: This fundamental element establishes a structured system of policies and procedures for managing information security, as defined in ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Clause 4.2. It aligns organisational goals with robust security protocols, cultivating a culture of compliance and security awareness.

Risk Evaluation: A cornerstone of ISO/IEC 27001, this critical process involves conducting comprehensive assessments to identify and evaluate potential threats to information security. This step is essential for implementing appropriate security measures and ensuring ongoing monitoring and improvement.

ISO 27001 Controls: ISO 27001:2022 provides a comprehensive set of controls within Annex A, addressing various aspects of information security. These controls encompass measures for access control, cryptography, physical security, incident management, and more. Implementing these controls ensures that your Information Security Management System (ISMS) effectively mitigates risks and safeguards sensitive information.

ISO 27001 Certification Cost - the auditor verfied budget blueprint (2026)
ISO 27001 Certification Cost – the auditor verfied budget blueprint (2026)

ISO 27001:2022 requirements

ISO 27001 Clauses

ISO 27001 Clause 4.1 – Understanding The Organisation And Its Context

ISO 27001 Clause 4.2 – Understanding The Needs And Expectations of Interested Parties

ISO 27001 Clause 4.3 – Determining The Scope Of The Information Security Management System

ISO 27001 Clause 4.4 – Information Security Management System

ISO 27001 Clause 5.1 – Leadership and Commitment

ISO 27001 Clause 5.3 – Organisational Roles, Responsibilities and Authorities

ISO 27001 Clause 6.1.1 – Planning General

ISO 27001 Clause 6.1.2 – Information Security Risk Assessment

ISO 27001 Clause 6.1.3 – Information Security Risk Treatment

ISO 27001 Clause 6.2 – Information Security Objectives and Planning to Achieve Them

ISO 27001 Clause 6.3 – Planning Of Changes

ISO 27001 Clause 7.1 – Resources

ISO 27001 Clause 7.2 – Competence

ISO 27001 Clause 7.3 – Awareness

ISO 27001 Clause 7.4 – Communication

ISO 27001 Clause 7.5.1 – Documented Information

ISO 27001 Clause 7.5.2 – Creating and Updating Documented Information

ISO 27001 Clause 8.3 – Information Security Risk Treatment

ISO 27001 Clause 9.1 – Monitoring, Measurement, Analysis, Evaluation

ISO 27001 Clause 9.2 – Internal Audit

ISO 27001 Clause 9.3 – Management Review

ISO 27001 Clause 10.1 – Continual Improvement

ISO 27001 Clause 10.2 – Nonconformity and Corrective Action

ISO 27001 Organisation Controls

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.1: Policies for information security

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.2: Information Security Roles and Responsibilities

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.3: Segregation of duties

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.4: Management responsibilities

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.5: Contact with authorities

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.6: Contact with special interest groups

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.7: Threat intelligence

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.8: Information security in project management

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.9: Inventory of information and other associated assets

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.10: Acceptable use of information and other associated assets

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.11: Return of assets

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.12: Classification of information

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.13: Labelling of information

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.14: Information transfer

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.15: Access control

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.16: Identity management

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.17: Authentication information

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.18: Access rights

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.19: Information security in supplier relationships

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.20: Addressing information security within supplier agreements

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.21: Managing information security in the ICT supply chain

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.22: Monitoring, review and change management of supplier services

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.23: Information security for use of cloud services

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.24: Information security incident management planning and preparation

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.25: Assessment and decision on information security events

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.26: Response to information security incidents

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.27: Learning from information security incidents

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.28: Collection of evidence

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.29: Information security during disruption

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.30: ICT readiness for business continuity

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.31: Identification of legal, statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.32: Intellectual property rights

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.33: Protection of records

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.34: Privacy and protection of PII

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.35: Independent review of information security

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.36: Compliance with policies and standards for information security

ISO 27001 Annex A 5.37: Documented operating procedures

ISO 27001 Technical Controls

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.1: User Endpoint Devices

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.2: Privileged Access Rights

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.3: Information Access Restriction

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.4: Access To Source Code

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.5: Secure Authentication

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.6: Capacity Management

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.7: Protection Against Malware

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.8: Management of Technical Vulnerabilities

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.9: Configuration Management 

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.10: Information Deletion

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.11: Data Masking

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.12: Data Leakage Prevention

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.13: Information Backup

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.14: Redundancy of Information Processing Facilities

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.15: Logging

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.16: Monitoring Activities

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.17: Clock Synchronisation

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.18: Use of Privileged Utility Programs

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.19: Installation of Software on Operational Systems

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.20: Network Security

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.21: Security of Network Services

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.22: Segregation of Networks

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.23: Web Filtering

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.24: Use of Cryptography

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.25: Secure Development Life Cycle

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.26: Application Security Requirements

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.27: Secure Systems Architecture and Engineering Principles

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.28: Secure Coding

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.29: Security Testing in Development and Acceptance

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.30: Outsourced Development

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.31: Separation of Development, Test and Production Environments

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.32: Change Management

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.33: Test Information

ISO 27001 Annex A 8.34: Protection of information systems during audit testing